Atomization spray gun is a common spraying tool, and its working principle is mainly based on gas dynamics, surface tension and viscosity of liquids, and control of gas mist ratio. The following is a detailed explanation of the working principle of the atomizing spray gun. Let’s take a look together.

1、 Principles of Gas Dynamics
When compressed air enters the atomizing spray gun through the nozzle, the airflow velocity will increase sharply, and the pressure of the airflow will also decrease sharply. The increase in airflow velocity and decrease in pressure will create a strong negative pressure zone at the nozzle, which helps to draw in and stretch liquid or powder materials. Under the action of high-speed airflow, liquid or powder materials are strongly stretched and torn, forming tiny particles.

2、 Surface tension and viscosity of liquids
During the process of being sprayed out by a nozzle, liquid or powder materials will be subjected to strong shear forces from the airflow. This shearing action will cause changes in the surface tension and viscosity of liquid or powder materials, resulting in their dispersion into small particles. These tiny particles will be carried to the surface of the workpiece by the airflow, achieving the purpose of coating or spraying.

3、 Regulation of aerosol ratio
Aerosol ratio refers to the ratio of gas to liquid or powder material in an atomizing spray gun. This ratio plays a crucial role in the atomization effect. When the aerosol ratio is appropriate, ideal atomization effect can be obtained, with uniform particle size and wide coverage area, thus achieving high-quality spraying effect. In practical operation, operators need to control the gas mist ratio by adjusting the air pressure and the supply of liquid or powder materials to achieve the best spraying effect.

4、 Spray gun structure and atomization process
Atomizing spray guns are usually composed of a nozzle and a gun body, and their core components include a nozzle set (hood, nozzle, needle). When the spray gun is working, compressed air enters the interior from the inlet and directly acts on the annular surface of the spring piston behind the nozzle, pushing the needle valve to move vertically. At this point, the working fluid (such as paint) flows out of the injection hole at low speed and mixes with the gas. The mixed fluid is subjected to the shear action of high-speed airflow at the nozzle, forming tiny particles and achieving atomization.

The working principle of an atomizing spray gun is a complex and intricate process that involves multiple aspects such as gas dynamics, surface tension and viscosity of liquids, and control of gas mist ratio. Understanding these principles helps operators better grasp the working process of atomizing spray guns, improve spraying effectiveness, and ensure production quality.